How to deal with the 4 notions

This document will help you with your notions

HOW TO DEAL WITH A NOTION

STEP 1: PRESENT THE NOTION/THEME/PLAN

a) Mention the notion :
I'm going to talk about...

The notion I am going to deal with is ... Let me consider the following notion......

b) Give the theme related to the notion

My topic is about
I would like to illustrate this notion through the theme of

To my mind, the theme which best illustrates the notion for me is... In relation to the notion, the subject of my presentation will be... After dealing with the notion, I will take the example of...................

c) Phrase your question (problématique) We may wonder to what extent/how

why this may illustrate the notion of......and attempt to answer the question We must weigh the pros and cons..............

d) Announce BRIEFLY your plan

First, I will deal with........ Then I will...... Finally......
My presentation will fall into three parts/ I've chosen to divide my presentation into 3 parts/

My presentation will be threefold: in a first part I will analyze/focus on/concentrate on, my second part will be about...... in the last part, I will emphasize on/ insist on/show that....

STEP 2: ANALYSIS

Organize your ideas and / or use your documents to illustrate them

! Quelques pistes de présentation en fonction du type de document auquel vous faites allusion :
- Texte : résumer rapidement, commenter et mentionner le(s) but(s) de l'auteur.
- Document iconographique : type de doc, décrire, commenter et préciser les intentions de l'auteur. - Enregistrement audio : type de doc, résumer, commenter, mentionner les différents points de vue. - Document vidéo : type de doc, résumer, commenter, évoquer les intentions du réalisateur.

a) Dire de quoi traite le document :
• The document deals with/ is about... (le document traite de...)
• It focuses on a major issue (il porte sur une question majeure)
• It raises the problem of ... (il soulève le problème de...)
• It indicates / it shows / it suggests / it proves that...
• It describes / it draws our attention to the fact that (il attire notre attention sur le fait que...) • It points out = it underlines = it stresses the fact that (il souligne le fait que ...)
• It is a good example of...

b) Expliquer le point de vue de l'auteur/du narrateur

FOR - AGAINST - NEUTRAL
He/she approves of ... / He/she sides with... (se ranger du côté de... / prendre parti pour)
He /she stands for ... (être pour / défendre)
He/ she advocates... (préconiser / prôner / recommander)
He/she denounces / condemns
He/she criticizes/ blames / reproaches + GN + for + Ving (reprocher à qqu'un de faire qque chose) He/she disapproves of...
He/she warns us against ... (mettre en garde contre...)

•

He/she analyses / comments on / reveals / informs us that...
c) Etablissez un avec la notion dont vous parlez
• It is an interesting / apt (approprié) / relevant (pertinent) illustration of...
• In many respects (à bien des égards), the document / the recording (enregistrement) / the report shows that / proves that...
• Both the article and the ad (publicité) make us realize that (nous fait réaliser que) / make us aware that (nous fait prendre conscience que) / make us understand that (nous fait comprendre que)...
• In both documents / in the three documents, the idea put forward is ...(l'idée avancée est...) • The author / poet / journalist / painter / film director/ singer / artist wants to draw our attention (veut attirer notre attention sur...)
• His/her aim / His/her goal is to... (son but est de ...)

You have to make links between the notion and the documents/ topics we have studied in class. -It is an interesting/ relevant illustration of the notion of ........ as it shows just how ...

this document perfectly illustrates the idea ........ because.......... The extract from the film proves that...

STEP 3: CONCLUSION

a) Quote the notion again. Say which conclusion you have reached and give your opinion

• To conclude / in conclusion, I could say that ...
• I'd like to end by saying that (j'aimerais terminer par dire que ...)
• In my opinion / in my view / to my mind / from my point of view (à mon avis)
• As far as I am concerned, I think that (en ce qui me concerne, je pense que...) • I strongly believe that ... (je crois fortement / profondément que ...)
• I'm afraid I disagree about the idea that (je crains de ne pas être d'accord...)
• I have the feeling that (j'ai le sentiment que...)
• We are given the impression that... (on nous donne l'impression que...)
• We must acknowledge that (on doit reconnaître que...)

• We must not forget that... (on ne doit pas oublier que...)
• We should keep in mind that (on devrait garder à l'esprit que...)

b) Then, open up onto future prospects

Quote examples from your personal culture (books you have read, movies you have watched...)